Intracytoplasmic sperm injection today: a personal review

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection today: a personal review.

There no longer seem to be any categories of male factor infertility that cannot be treated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Even for men with azoospermia caused either by obstruction or by germinal failure, ICSI may be performed successfully. The only failures will be in azoospermic men who have neither spermatozoa nor spermatids retrievable from the testis, but these men comprise...

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technique [4] (ART) initially developed by Dr. Gianpiero D. Palermo [5] in 1993 to treat male infertility [6]. It is most commonly used in conjunction with in vitro [7] fertilization [8] (IVF) or a less commonly used technique called zygote intrafallopian transfer [9] (ZIFT). In natural fertilization [8], the sperm [10] must pe...

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

IVF has become a well-established treatment for certain types of infertility, including long-standing infertility due to tubal disease, endometriosis, unexplained infertility or infertility involving a male factor. Soon it became clear that certain couples with severe male-factor infertility could not be helped by conventional IVF. Extremely low sperm counts, impaired motility and/or abnormal m...

The Y chromosome in the era of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a personal review.

The Y chromosome contains 60 multicopy genes composed of nine different gene families concentrated in regions of multiple repeat sequences called amplicons arranged in mirror images called palindromes. This pattern is susceptible to deletions caused by homologous recombination with itself, and can explain the presence of small numbers of sperm in otherwise azoospermic men.